[158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it. [4], Coconuts can also be broadly divided into two general types based on habit: the "Tall" (var. June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. Saturday &Sunday CLOSED, Hybrid Coconut seedlings, Deejay Sampoorna. Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut HarvestersM Bertrand; Science; Jan 1967. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. ", "Structure and Function of the Haustorim in Germinating Coconut Palm Seed", "Fossil fruit of Cocos L. (Arecaceae) from Maastrichtian-Danian sediments of central India and its phytogeographical significance", "An update of monocot macrofossil data from New Zealand and Australia", "A Fossil Coconut Fruit from the Early Eocene of Gujarat", "Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem", "Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (, "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion", "Coconuts: not indigenous, but quite at home nevertheless", "An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast", "Germination rate is the significant characteristic determining coconut palm diversity", "Deep history of coconuts decoded: Origins of cultivation, ancient trade routes, and colonization of the Americas", "Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of coconut palm (, The Coconut Odyssey the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, "Report: 26 provinces quarantined for coconut pest", "Coconut production in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Petenes mangroves: types and severity of threats", "Health of coconut tree climbers of rural southern India medical emergencies, body mass index and occupational marks: A quantitative and survey study", "Philippine coconut industry: No monkey business here", "The Chemistry of Coconut Milk and Cream", "New mechanical coconut climbing device developed", "A study on skills for trade and economic diversification (STED) in the non-traditional coconut export sectors of the Philippines". According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. [157] The shell and husk can be burned for smoke to repel mosquitoes[156] and are used in parts of South India for this purpose. The coconut oil is in great demand for edible purposes, for soap making toilet preparation. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months (1, 2). Is eating coconut good for your skin? In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. In foods, coconut is used in various preparations. The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. The shell, freed from the husk, and heated on warm ashes, exudes an oily material that is used to soothe dental pains in traditional medicine of Cambodia. [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. The cups were frequently engraved and decorated with precious metals.[155]. Tannin produces negative effects on sapling growth. Easily kills parasites and helps remove them from body. The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. It is used for cooking various dishes. Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. Domesticated Pacific coconuts, on the other hand, are rounded in shape with a thinner husk and a larger amount of endosperm. Some of the dwarf cultivars such as 'Malayan dwarf' have shown some promising resistance to lethal yellowing, while other cultivars such as 'Jamaican tall' are highly affected by the same plant disease. However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. Coconut Research Center. [26][27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejn Formation. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. If the juice does not taste fresh, throw the coconut away. Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. Choti Holi 2023: When is Choti Holi 2023? Here's all you need to know The Coconut Palm Cocos Nucifera L. See also Can You Drink Malibu If You'Re Allergic To Coconut? Self Magazine. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm 9.5cm (3+78in 3+34in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. One of their first uses of the coconut was to produce cooking oil. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months 1, 2. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. What is the economic importance of coconut? [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. According to figures published in December 2009 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it is the world's second largest producer of coconuts, producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM (April 2006). [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. Coconut meal: Nutraceutical importance and food industry application [18][19] Niu vai endocarp fragments have been recovered in archaeological sites in the St. Matthias Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. Palm - Importance to humans | Britannica Palm. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. What Coconut Symbolizes? - Sweetish Hill This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. Despite the economic importance of the palm, coconut production continued to show stagnancy in production, productivity, and trade in the recent decade (Sairam and Jayasekhar 2018). Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. The falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.[3][5]. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. [1] Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. For for the bucking horse, see. However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. It is sweet and high in nutritional value. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. A sugar containing juice which is obtained by tapping unopened spadix is known as toddy. (2006). Its development would . Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. [13] It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. PT. "Chapter 12 Coconut". Aids in hydration. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". The length of the coconut tree is also considerable. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. [7][8][9] Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. It is eaten as is or used as an ingredient in various dishes. (eds.). The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). They played a critical role in the long sea voyages of Austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for Austronesian outrigger boats. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). Grated coconut that is dehydrated by drying or baking is known as "desiccated coconut." The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. It might cause fullness or stomach upset in some people. On account of this, thepalm has been regarded as Kalpvriksh (Tree of heaven). Therefore, eating coconuts regularly reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Future Fibres: Coir - Food and Agriculture Organization [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas only during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. Long-term consumption of coconut oil may have negative health effects similar to those from consuming other sources of saturated fats, including butter, beef fat, and palm oil. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". Economic importance of coconut pdf. Coconut oil helps bolster your skins protective barrier layer, trapping moisture inside and keeping skin supple and hydrated. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Saturated fat is associated with hypercholesterolemia high cholesterol , atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries , and heart disease. Corrections? It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. Wild coconuts feature an elongated triangular fruit with a thicker husk and a smaller amount of endosperm. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. The "branches" (leaf petioles) are strong and flexible enough to make a switch. What are the benefits of drinking coconut water? The original one is held each October in Greenwich. Home Fruits What Is The Importance Of Coconut? However, they can be found in humid areas with low annual precipitation such as in Karachi, Pakistan, which receives only about 250mm (9+34in) of rainfall per year, but is consistently warm and humid. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java. [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. The Coconut tree belongs to the palm family. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. [177], Some South Asian, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Ocean cultures have origin myths in which the coconut plays the main role. (January 27, 1967). Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. The Philippine Coconut Industry: Status, Policies and Strategic Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. Coconuts probably originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya and are one of the most important crops of the tropics. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. [151][152], Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as an alternate name for creamed coconut, a specialty product made of coconut milk solids or pured coconut meat and oil.[117]. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. The distribution of the Pacific coconuts correspond to the regions settled by Austronesian voyagers indicating that its spread was largely the result of human introductions. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. What are the benefits of coconut products? [154] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. [158], The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans traditionally throws hand-decorated coconuts, one of the most valuable Mardi Gras souvenirs, to parade revelers. The decreased buoyancy and increased fragility of this spherical, thin-husked fruit would not matter for a species that had started to be dispersed by humans and grown in plantations. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. [96] A sprouting coconut seed is the logo for Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia, the Indonesian scouting organization. Conclusion A high source of important vitamins and minerals, as well as high in fibre, fruits are an excellent food choice. In particular, the area around Salalah maintains large coconut plantations similar to those found across the Arabian Sea in Kerala. He explained how at Guam "they eat coconuts" ("mangiano cochi") and that the natives there also "anoint the body and the hair with coconut and beniseed oil" ("ongieno el corpo et li capili co oleo de cocho et de giongioli"). The researchers concluded that it was brought by early Austronesian sailors to the Americas from at least 2,250 BP, and may be proof of pre-Columbian contact between Austronesian cultures and South American cultures. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? Coconut (Cocos nucifera). Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. In comparison, mature coconuts with the husk intact can be stored for three to five months at normal room temperature . Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java, Subscribe with your email address to receive pricelist and updates. [58], The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatn. VCO is extracted f rom the fresh , matur e coconut kernel mechanically with or without t he use of heat. They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. Request Answer. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). Coconut water is LIKELY SAFE for most adults when consumed as a drink. [66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. Reduces inflammation. there are a lot of untapped economic potentials in the Coconut industry which need to be . [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Self Magazine. Coconut cultivation and its importance - Deejay Farms