[35] This is because Abyssinia's (present-day Ethiopia) Aksumite monarch embraced a group of Muslims embarking on the first Hijrah from Arabia, fleeing persecution from their homeland. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian mother. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Population Projection Wereda as of July 2021. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. )0.5% of GDP (2020 est. Why Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia feel under attack endobj
The study is about the DDR's attempt to create a humane and just health care system in a country devastated by World War II, with few resources available (and a population one-third the size of . Religion by the numbers in Ethiopia | Catholics & Cultures In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 75annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 11,501,244 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,089,280,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 17over 3,047 m: 32,438 to 3,047 m: 81,524 to 2,437 m: 4under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 402,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 20under 914 m: 8 (2021), total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gaugenote: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor, total: 11by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 2 (2020), Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia, Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF); Ministry of Peace: Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) (2022)note 1: in 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which had been disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djiboutinote 2: in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officialsnote 3: each of the states have regional and/or a "special" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the ENDF, and the EFP; there have been some calls for these regional paramilitary forces to be incorporated into the ENDF and EFP, 0.5% of GDP (2021 est. A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. stream
Hospitals WHO supplied with Medical Kits in 2 Rounds in August 2021. Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. )male: 8.8% (2020 est. Official government statistics show that some 119,000 people work in trade and commerce, 113,000 work in manufacturing and industry, 80,000 are homemakers, 71,000 are in civil administration . Typically, persecution varies depending upon where one lives. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Between 1982 and 1991 there was a new wave of migration to the West for family reunification. Christian, 33.9% identified as Muslim and 18.5% identified as Protestant Christian . [28][full citation needed], Freedom of religion is provided by the constitution of 1995, and freedom of worship had also been guaranteed by the 1930 and 1955 Constitutions of Ethiopia, although in certain localities this principle is not always respected in practice. The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. Ethiopia Demographics 2020 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends - Worldometer )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49, 401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Kazakhstan, 4.5 million. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. agriculture: 34.8% (2017 est. 2.6% of the population (mainly in the far south and southwest) follow traditional religions; other religions (the Bah Faith, Judaism, etc.) <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
As the war with the T.P.L.F . According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. ), women married by age 15: 14.1%women married by age 18: 40.3%men married by age 18: 5% (2016 est. Today, fifty-nine percent of Ethiopians are Christian (42 percent Orthodox and 27 percent evangelical). It is also used to refer to Axum, the ancient capital and religious centre of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, or to its primary church, called Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. The faith arrived in Tigray, north of Ethiopia, . Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. ; Ethiopia ranks number 12 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by . Orthodox Christianity has a long history in Ethiopia dating back to the 1st century, and is dominant in northern and central Ethiopia. [3] A 2015 study estimates some 400,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of them belonging to some form of Protestantism. )proven reserves: 24.919 billion cubic meters (2021 est. Fourth Round Census Questioner. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. It was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, and is the only pre-colonial Orthodox church in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopias rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz Peoples Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella Peoples Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali Peoples Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012)cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representativeselections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative electionselection results: 2021: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)2018: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); note - snap election held on 25 October 2018 due to resignation of President MULATA Teshomenote: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions.Christians form the majority of the population. The Waaq religion is a traditional, monotheistic faith followed mainly by the Cushitic ethnic group in the far eastern . Religion in Ethiopia - Wikipedia )15.81% (2019 est.). 2020 estimate). Ethiopia Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. In this video made by the channel "Statistics and Data" you can see the evolution of the data from 1945 to 2020. Population Size of Towns by Sex July 2022. Ethiopia People 2020, CIA World Factbook - theodora.com 2007 census, 2022 projection ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. About 507 million people practice Buddhism worldwide. Profiles include statistics, text, photo, map, progress indicator and language resources. Administrative Division. )23.866 (2017 est. Until the 1980s, a substantial population of Ethiopian Jews resided in Ethiopia. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 26.84% (2021 est. Additionally, there were 2.75 million internally displaced persons in 2022, meaning 52 percent of Tigray's population fled their homes. [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. A small Jewish community still exists in Ethiopia, although it is mostly composed of Falash Mura, Ethiopian Jews who converted to Christianity in the past, and as such have not been recognized as Jews by the State of Israel, but have returned to Judaism (the Falash Mura now number some 22,000). The solicitation is expected to be released in October 2021 and awarded in May 2022. [8] The U.S. State Department estimates that just over 50% of the country is Christian (40 to 45% of the population belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, about 10% are members of Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups). The Largest Religions In Ethiopia 2020 | YEG Daily Ethiopian Christians Take Sides Over Tigray Crisis | News According to a survey conducted by statista, 98% of Ethiopian people consider religion to be an important aspect of their lives.. 108 IGT-F AW 27 February 2015. The four standard measures of religious commitment . )consumption: 689,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopiaconventional short form: Ethiopialocal long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripebliklocal short form: Ityop'iyaformer: Abyssinia, Italian East Africaabbreviation: FDREetymology: the country name derives from the Greek word "Aethiopia," which in classical times referred to lands south of Egypt in the Upper Nile region, name: Addis Ababageographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 Etime difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding, 11 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 chartered cities* (astedader akabibiwach, singular - astedader akabibi); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sidama, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples), YeDebub M'irab Ityop'iya Hizboch (Southwest Ethiopia Peoples), oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C. Basic Statistic Total population of Ethiopia 2021, by gender . . )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Languages in Ethiopia: Ethiopia Language Facts, Figures and More - Tomedes Africa; Americas; . description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. [8] Now, as two parties signed the peace deal in Pretoria, the world has decided to move on from the Ethiopian conflict with the empty . If recent progress is continued, prevalence of child marriage would drop to 20 per cent by 2030 and to below 10 percent by 2050. Meanwhile, there has been a sharp increase in the percentage of Americans with no religion, which was less than 5% from through the early 1970s, rose to 10% by 2002 and was 21% in 2021. In fact, the percentage of Muslims has remained the same since the 1994 census. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. It provides source material, including censuses and surveys, as well as best estimates for every religion to offer a definitive picture of international religious demography. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. 110 IGT-daughter (D), WW, 22 December 2014. 104 Melesse, Dabissa and Bulte, "Joint Land Certification" 105 World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judiciary Sector. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. PDF Ethiopia 2020 International Religious Freedom Report Ethiopia - Religion | Britannica 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. )$7.588 billion (2019 est. )$248.972 billion (2019 est. Amharic's writing system has developed from the Ge'ez script, with text flowing from left to right. )transmission/distribution losses: 3.374 billion kWh (2019 est. Ethiopia has a long historical and cultural connection to both Christianity and Islam. WHO Regional websites. Statistics by Country - Catholic-Hierarchy.org [32] Tension between Christian and Muslim Oromo were witnessed during the 2005 Ethiopian general election, when Muslim Arsi Oromo denounced the Shewa Oromo for participating in political nepotism. How Africa Is Changing Faith Around the World [8][13] ), -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. [36] The founder of Solomonic dynasty, Yekuno Amlak was heavily assisted by Muslim Sultanate of Showa in his struggle against the Zagwe dynasty. [16] While Muslims can be found in almost every community, Islam is most prevalent in the Somali (98.4%), Afar (95.3%) and Oromia (47.5%) Regions. . East Germany & the True Test of a Civilization Ethiopia's Tigray Region: What You Need To Know About The Crisis - NPR Moths Turned Eagles, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahs of Ethiopia. )$264.059 billion (2020 est. In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. . Religious Demography. )crude oil estimated reserves: 400,000 barrels (2021 est. Christians form the majority of the population. Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report | Freedom House 106 CMT MW 17 December 2014. )$26.269 billion (2018 est. In December 2019 several mosques and Muslim owned businesses were attacked in the Christian dominated Amhara Region. Islam is also the official religion of this country, which has one of the largest Muslim . [17] Some web columnist even say the Muslim population are the majority and disagree with the current Ethiopian governments claims.[18]. 20th c shyaway from critical examination." -. [17] The writers of Ethiopia: a country study claimed that Islam made up 50% of the total population in 1991 based on the 1984 census commissioned by the Derg regime. and its projected population for 2021 was 104,477,000 people. Moreover, the largest portion of non-Arab companions of Muhammad belonged to Ethiopian ethnic groups. Religious, Ethnic, and Regional Factors of High Fertility in Ethiopia Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. Other minority religions in the country include Waaq and indigenous beliefs, which are followed by 2.6% of the Ethiopian population, Roman Catholicism (.7%), and Judaism and Baha'i (.7% combined). The conflict in Tigray is predicated on ethnicity rather than creed. Many different actorsthe national military, as well as the Eritrean military, militias from Ethiopia's Amhara region, and . )spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. PDF Ethiopia 2021 International Religious Freedom Report Somali in Ethiopia people group profile | Joshua Project In the Pew study, 1% of Ethiopians identify as Catholic, 16% as . In Ethiopia, it is customary for large crowds to gather on the last week of November at the country's holiest site, the Church of St Mary of Zion in Axum.Every year, followers of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox faith, who constitute roughly 60% of the population, join each other to celebrate the presence of the Ark of the Covenant in what is one of Ethiopia's most important religious . The religious beliefs of Addis Ababa. Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. . )arable land: 15.2% (2018 est. Demographic profile: Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country - more than 80% of the population lives in rural areas - that is in the early stages of demographic transition. Religion by Country 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com )0.6% of GDP (2019 est.) The Ethiopian Enlishkenment African Philosophy: anAfrica Ethiopian Milosophy: developed in 17th C, unlike restor sub- "People hastily acceptwhat they Saharan Africa in have heard fromtheir fathere and. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Jacob: 6. Adulis) as well. The violence is often dated to November 2020, when the federal government and the region's political party, the Tigray People's Liberation Front, entered into armed conflict at the government ' s Northern Command. note: data are in current year dollars$7.715 billion (2020 est. Inter-Censal Population Survey Report 2012. 22 March 2021. xkSH{_[u[TBZlU],/&Bfu vv eezrm^x?jS~EzGeE_HRx 7 8py,.U^y7 B}$cGAJ_qt$8^{)1A_!Bxt Major Religious Groups in the World - 1945/2100 - Statistics And Data Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church published works by an unknown author written in Ge'ez and translated to Amharic in 1986 which claimed Habesha should refrain from sexual intercourse with Oromo, Muslims, Shanqella, Falasha and animals because it was an abomination. note: data are in current year dollars$17.17 billion (2020 est. Today, the country claims about 80 million of each . Catholics Population Percent Catholic Country Dioceses Diocesan Priests Religious Priests Total Priests Permanent Deacons Male Religious Female Religious Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions. )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. )8.36% (2019 est. Their existence was not widely known to the outside world for many years, and they likewise were not aware of other Jewish groups outside of their own community. ), general assessment: has been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the countrys digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development (2021)domestic: fixed-line subscriptions at about 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at a little over 39 per 100; the number of mobile telephones is increasing steadily (2020)international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2016)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 6 public TV stations broadcasting nationally and 10 public radio broadcasters; 7 private radio stations and 19 community radio stations (2017), total: 27,591,260 (2020 est.