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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Institute for Exploration/University of Rhode Island. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Of the 109 children traveling on the Titanic, almost half were killed when the ship sank 53 children in total. Still, it is definitely not one of them. Midnight Watertight compartments are filling; water begins to spill over the tops of the transverse bulkheads. Secondly, photographs of Titanics sister ship, the RMS Olympic, taken after it collided with another vessel in 1911, clearly show dozens of vacant holes in the hull from which rivets popped. Yes - Titanic probably could have survived an impact with the iceberg if she hit head-on! This contact seems to have been a particularly light one. 20268: Light?, Yes, light, because we have heard the evidence that lots of people scarcely felt it. 20269: You mean it did not strike a fair blow?, If she struck it a fair blow I think we should have heard a great deal more about the severity of it, and probably the ship would have come into harbour if she had struck it a fair blow, instead of going to the bottom. 20270: You think that?, I am quite sure of it. 20271: (The Commissioner.) So a wider view needs to be taken. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. } Why Dont All Bisexual Plants Produce Self-Fertilized Fruits? Numerous research investigations since that time have pieced together the details of what occurred on April 14-15, 1912, after Titanic struck an iceberg, broke in half and carried more than 1,500 people to their deaths. When the remains of RMS Titanic were discovered more than 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) beneath the surface of the North Atlantic in 1985, the story of the great liner once dubbed unsinkable by the press began moving from legend into scientific fact. Three small dogs, two Pomeranians and a Pekingese, survived the Titanic disaster cradled in their owners arms as they climbed into lifeboats. Sometimes, resurrecting relics from the tragic chapters of history is about as fanciful as getting pigs to fly. However I did not take into account until just a little while ago the force that that would have created. doomed passenger ship the Titanic, which went down in 1912. Name: Blair, Basildon Qualification: Former Merchant Navy Sailor Answer: Thats wrong it would probably have survived. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question { I am rather interested about that. Where was the Dayton peace agreement signed? #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.correct-answer, Titanic hit an iceberg on its starboard (right) side. on the web. First published in 1912, Jay Henry Mowbray's Sinking of the Titanic was hugely influential in the aftermath of the maritime disaster, recording the harrowing, first-hand accounts of the survivors - from sailors, to stewards, to passengers - throughout the ordeal, from when the iceberg first hit to when the Carpathia eventually arrived, and honoring those who were lost on that fateful night . The world was shocked when the Titanic hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. on April 14, 1912, and sunk just a few hours later at 2:20 am on April 15.The "unsinkable" ship RMS Titanic sank on its maiden voyage, losing at least 1,517 lives (some accounts say even more), making it one of the deadliest maritime disasters in history. A nurse by the name of Violet Jessop was on Titanic when it hit an iceberg and sank. This theory created by British historian Tim Maltin argues that the impact of the collision would have been significantly smaller if the Titanic had received assistance from a nearby ship which was present at the time. color: #151515; These areas were particularly susceptible to damage because they were located aft of the bridge and steering gear. Titanic struck a North Atlantic iceberg at 11:40 PM in the evening of 14 April 1912 at a speed of 20.5 knots (23.6 MPH). If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. Titanic struck a North Atlantic iceberg at 11:40 PM in the evening of 14 April 1912 at a speed of 20.5 knots (23.6 MPH). Lock Hes a Harry Potter fan and tries, in vain, to use spells and charms (Accio! If the ship had hit the berg head on, Titanic probably would have survived. Your email address will not be published. The iceberg sliced through six. If the centre propeller had been designed to keep working when in reverse, its likely that the Titanic would have avoided the iceberg completely. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button:hover { Andrews' purpose for traveling on the ship's maiden voyage was to make observations and offer suggestions for improvement. When you hit an iceberg, the ship below the water will hit the iceberg before the ship above the water line, so it would divert it off its course - it's not like hitting a brick wall head-on. It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. . Taking into consideration the way the bulkheads worked and were designed it probably would have been best to have hit the iceberg head on. It depends, of course, on the severity of the contact. First, the weather was hazy and the Titanic's binoculars were locked in a cabinet and no one had access to them. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz{ The ocean liner RMS Titanic collided with an iceberg on April 14, 1912. Whilst doing so helped the ship not to go forwards, its location in front of the rudder further crippled the handling of the ship. 50. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. A lock ( Microscopic analysis of iron rivets recovered from, Created June 20, 2017, Updated February 13, 2019, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), NIST Reveals How Tiny Rivets Doomed a Titanic Vessel, Preserving the Spirit of a Mighty Shipand the Environment Around It, NIST Helps Restore a Blast (Off) from the Past, The Parlour Suites, the most luxurious rooms onboard. Use the Global Player app to listen to live radio for LBC & LBC News. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:active { The reason it sunk was because it tried to go around and scraped five compartments. They did have one disadvantage however, and this was that the centre propeller was one way and couldnt work in reverse, hence why when the captain of the ship pushed the liner into full reverse to avoid the iceberg, the centre propeller stopped working immediately. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. LBC. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. What if the Titanic hit the iceberg head on? That means it likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913. J ust before midnight on April 14, 1912, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg and sank on her maiden voyage claiming the lives of 1,496 passengers and crew. March 1, 2023 4:54 PM PT. An official website of the United States government. No one has found human remains, according to the company that owns the salvage rights. background-color: #FFFFFF; What if the Titanic had hit the iceberg head on? A 46,000 ton ship traveling 22 knots hits an iceberg weighing a minimum of 100,000 tons, the collision would create a powerful force that causes incredible destruction. Had the iceberg not hit the Titanic . What Is The Evolutionary Purpose Of Boredom? The Titanic hit an iceberg on April 14, 1912, which caused considerable damage, this damage caused the ship to flood and eventually sink. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. Ismay insisted upon it. The Titanic was a luxury British steamship that sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912 after striking an iceberg, leading to the deaths of more than 1,500 passengers and crew. }. The frigid air and ocean conditions at the time of the Titanic's sinking were a result of a high-pressure cold front that originated in eastern Canada. Clive Bull If it was several times the mass of the ship, it would be . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. am strengthened in that belief by the case which Ships that hit harbour walls are at an angle under the water, so that the boat hits the wall, long before the bow hits, forcing it upwards and stopping it sinking. Credit: If Titanic hadn't collided with the iceberg, she would . It was even described as unsinkable. 1912-1985 the official narrative (hit an iceberg and went down intact within two hours) discounted eye witnesses testimony that reported . Due to the size and speed of the Titanic it was not able to avoid the iceberg. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item p { If only one or two of the compartments had been opened, >Titanic</i> might have stayed afloat, but when so many . How did the Titanic survive the Titanic accident? #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button { Why Didnt The Passengers Of The Titanic Climb Aboard The Iceberg To Save Themselves From The Sinking Ship? After the Titanic sank, searchers recovered 340 bodies. Hundreds of lives were lost, accompanied by a massive loss of property. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But in the episode, it hits the iceberg head-on. It turns out that raising the Titanic would be about as futile as rearranging the deck chairs on the doomed vessel. How do you clean a silver chain that turned black? color: #FFFFFF; This means the iceberg that sank the Titanic likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913.. The berg scraped along the starboard or right side of the hull below the waterline, slicing open the hull between five of the adjacent watertight compartments. of a body weighing 50,000 tons moving at the rate of A man may make a mistake and be very far from being negligent?, 20275: Do you think that if the helm had not been Some historians suspect that if the order hadn't been given to . . T. Foecke/NIST. We know two watches were price. The iceberg ripped along below the waterline like a can opener for about 300 feet. American oceanographer and former Navy officer Robert D. People have been diving to the Titanics wreck for 35 years. Join Mike Brady as he uncovers the myths, explains the timelines, logistics and deep dives into the lives of the people and ocean liner ships that we all know and love.#titanic #history #engineering #documentary #steering #ships #oceanliners #sinking If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. The average lifespan of an iceberg in the North Atlantic typically is two to three years from calving to melting. . The same thing would happen with the other ship (that collided with yours), as it also absorbed some of the energy of the impact. His examinations determined that the wrought iron in the rivets contained three times todays allowable amount of slag (the glassy residue left behind after the smelting of the iron ore). For decades after the disaster, there was little doubt about what sank the Titanic. This title would be lost in June 1913 to the new Hamburg-American Lines SS Imperator. The momentum of the ship would have crushed in the bows for 80 or perhaps 100 feet., 20277: You mean the firemen in their quarters?, Yes, down below. Could you hear the Titanic hit the ocean floor? The Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank on April 15, 1912, in the North Atlantic Ocean after colliding with an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. background-color: #f57484; Your email address will not be published. Microscopic analysis of iron rivets recovered from Titanic revealed high concentrations of slag residue in the head area (seen as yellow, orange and red) that may have made them brittle in cold temperatures. Materials scientists Tim Foecke and Jennifer Hooper McCarty have cast blame on the more than 3 million rivets that held the hulls steel plates together. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. When you hit an iceberg, the ship below the water will hit the iceberg before the ship above the water line, so it would divert it off its course its not like hitting a brick wall head-on. Is The African Continent Splitting In Two? border-radius: 2px; From malfunctioning propellers to optical illusions, here are some of the alternative theories that use the latest scientific research to establish how the ship could have avoided this disaster: RMS Titanic had three steam-driven propellers, which were more advantageous as they were smaller and more efficient. Copyright 2023. What Happens If You Try To Shoot Down A Nuclear Missile Mid-Air? Workers installing rivets in the hull of Titanic in 1911 at the Harland & Wolff Shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. It was a 1 in 1000 hit too. This title would be lost in June 1913 to the new Hamburg-American Lines SS Imperator. } In the aftermath of the accident, some people argued that if the ship had not tried to maneuver a turn at the last moment but had instead continued on its original course, fewer lives would have been lost. One of the most notorious historical events of the 20th century, the sinking of the RMS Titanic was a tragedy which took the lives of over 1, 500 passengers, gaining international prominence and spawning urban legends and tales which still remain to this today. The Titanic, a 55,000-tonne ship, was traveling at 22 knots, almost 41 km / h. They were trying to steer the ship to the left to avoid a direct collision, but the collision occurred, and the iceberg scraped along the side of the ship and tore its hull apart. As the ship had collision bulkheads in the bow, it would most likely have survived the damage. The collision caused the ship to sink the following day, resulting in more than 1,500 people losing their lives. } Titanic hit the iceberg sideways instead of head-on at 11:40 on the evening of April 14th, 1912. 3 Problems With A Head-on Collision; No. 2:00 going fast?, I am old enough to remember that case, but I am afraid my memory is not good enough. Mr. Laing: The ArizonaI remember it. The Witness: The Arizona, my Lord., 20276: (Mr. Rowlatt) You said it would have killed The iceberg sliced through six. The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. Experts believe that if Titanic had hit the iceberg head on instead of striking it on the starboard side, the liner likely would have stayed afloat. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have . She probably would have done, as one of Titanics designers, Edward Wilding, explained in the following fascinating exchange at the British Inquiry: 20266: Perhaps I ought to put this general question Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div { box-shadow: 0 2px 0 0 #3c7d73; Thomas Andrews wasn't just any passenger on the Titanic - the Irishman was its architect. Efforts to locate and salvage the Titanic began almost immediately after it sank. Qualification: Genius of Titanic proportions. Answer: There is no definitive answer, but it would probably have sunk anyway. Some historians suspect that if the order hadnt been given to stop the engines, the Titanic may have been able to swing around and out of the way of the iceberg. Murdoch ordered the engines to stop, and reverse. If Titanic hadnt collided with the iceberg, she would probably have fared no different. Modern warning systems plus radar and a better sense of oceanography make it unlikely that a ship could be lost at seawith hundreds or even thousands deadin 2012. I am afraid she would have killed every fireman down in the firemens quarters, but I feel sure the ship would have come in. 20272: And the passengers would not have been lost?, The passengers would have come in. 20273: Then do you think it was an error of judgmentto starboard the helm?, I do not by any means say it was a negligent act at all. The idea that the ship should have maintained its course and rammed into the iceberg head-on to minimize damages is far from plausible and is also scientifically inaccurate. The iceberg sliced through six. . color: #151515; This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. https://www.nist.gov/nist-time-capsule/nist-beneath-waves/nist-reveals-how-tiny-rivets-doomed-titanic-vessel. Cruise-goers reveal their most terrifying incidents at sea - from watching a ferocious TORNADO spin up beside the boat to hitting an ICEBERG. This means the iceberg that sank the Titanic likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913. The episode was not found or is unavailable. Scientific discovery can be unexpected and full of chance surprises. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldnt have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The RMS Titanic a luxury steamship sank in the early hours of April 15 1912 off the coast of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic after sideswiping an iceberg during its maiden voyage. The . border: #151515 2px solid; Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. But in real life, it actually . Why Don't They Have Parachutes For Passengers In Commercial Planes? Yes - Titanic probably could have survived an impact with the iceberg if she hit head-on! } A big admirer of Richard Feynman and Nikola Tesla, he obsesses over how thoroughly science dictates every aspect of life in this universe, at least. In all likelihood, the iceberg that sank the Titanic didn't even endure . Secure .gov websites use HTTPS No. down there., 20278: Do you mean at the boilers? Oh, no, they would scarcely have felt the shock., The Commissioner: Any person, fireman or anybody else, who happened to be in that 100 feet, would probably never have been seen again? 20279: (Mr. Rowlatt) The third class passengers are there too, I think, some of them?, I do not think there are any third class passengers forward of the second bulkhead, and I believe she would have stopped before the second bulkhead was damaged. } Violet helped women and children into lifeboats until she herself was given a baby to look after and ordered into lifeboat 16. . Source: www.pinterest.com. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. background-color: #dbdbdb; The disaster . Foecke performed metallurgical and mechanical analyses on steel and rivet samples recovered from the Titanic debris field at the bottom of the ocean. He spearheads the content and editorial wing of ScienceABC and manages its official Youtube channel. Explain The Schrodinger Wave Equation In Simple Words. Source. How do you know if your husband has feelings for another woman? } #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz a:not( .fca_qc_share_link ), Read about the . Additionally, many other injuries were sustained as a result of this collision, including broken bones and lacerations from falling debris. The outbreak of World War I in 1914 meant that the Titanic, like its sister ships the Britannic and the Olympic, would probably have been requisitioned for the war effort. The liner was the biggest and most magnificent ship to ever be built at that time. 50. Above: Newspaper report on the sinking of the Titanic, 1912. What created the myth of the unsinkable . } Due to the chaos that ensued after the Titanic struck an iceberg, the 20 . Causes and Effects of the Rapid Sinking of the Titanic. The Titanic hit an iceberg head on, causing the ship to sink in just over two hours. . 11:40 The Titanic sideswipes the iceberg, damaging nearly 300 feet of the hull. However, the sinking was a "perfect storm" (in calm seas) of COCK-UPS. What would happen if the Titanic didn't hit the iceberg? Titanic hit the iceberg head on and as a result, sustained a lot of damage. How long did the Titanic stay afloat for after hitting the iceberg? This finding strongly suggested that Titanics collision with the iceberg caused the rivet heads to break off, popped the fasteners from their holes and allowed water to rush in between the separated hull plates. As a matter of fact, the Titanic relayed the warning to the shore. If the Titanic were to collide with the iceberg a stationary, mammoth object most of the energy of the impact would have to be absorbed by the ship, which would have only made matters worse. As the ship had collision bulkheads in the bow, it would most likely have survived the damage. Can We Use Icebergs As A Source Of Water? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Secondly, the Titanic wasnt build correctly, creating a structural flaw. Is it possible, just possible, that a German submarine, rather than an iceberg, sank the mighty Titanic? Captain Smith was responsible for over 2,200 passengers and more than 1,200 were killed that fateful night of April 14. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}}. Could the Titanic have been saved after it hit the iceberg? LBC News It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. This was prevented from happening however by an unusual optical phenomenon caused by the atmospheric conditions present on the sea which prevented the ship from being seen. Why Is Friday The 13th Considered Unlucky? The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. Academia.edu, Would The Titanic Have Sunk If It Didn't Try To Avoid - LBC. Credit: The second study, by British historian Tim Maltin, claimed that atmospheric conditions on the night of the disaster might have caused a phenomenon called super refraction. It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. Would it have been better if the Titanic hit the iceberg head on? What If You Jumped Out Of An Airplane Into The Sea Without A Parachute? It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. or When the ship hit the iceberg at 11.40 p.m., it also sank in the middle of the night., contributing to the chilly temperatures of just 39F (4 degrees Celsius) in the air and 28 degrees F (-2 . What if the Titanic hit the iceberg head-on? An abrupt stop would have thrown people against cabins or berths, and since it was night and most passengers were asleep, they would have had absolutely no chance of bracing against the impact; they would have been flung into the things in their immediate vicinity. In such a case, both the vessels would sustain heavy damages but would likely still stay afloat. Atlantic steamer, some 34 years ago, did go stem on The first two compartments would have flooded for sure but the ship would have remained afloat as it was designed to withstand up to four of the compartments in certain circumstances. color: #151515; #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz p:not( .fca_qc_back_response ):not( #fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_correct_answer ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_response ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_hint ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_item p ), https://www.patreon.com/oceanlinerdesigns Oceanliner Designs explores the design, construction, engineering and operation of historys great ocean liners from Titanic to Queen Mary but not forgetting the likes of Empress of Ireland or Chusan. Moreover, the impact would have flooded the first three or at most four watertight compartments. The actual damage could not have resulted in the flooding that overwhelmed Titanics watertight compartments. What impact can gender roles have on consumer behaviour? If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. The idea that the ship should have maintained its course and rammed into the iceberg head-on to minimize damages is far from plausible and is also scientifically inaccurate. The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor as seen during a June 2004 expedition. Answer (1 of 99): Okay, here is the WHOLE story. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Overconfidence, speed, damaged bulkheads, poor quality rivets, and delays spotting the iceberg also contributed to the sinking. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. border: #151515 0px solid; LBC The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor as seen during a June 2004 expedition. How Did Continental Drift Affect Life On Earth Today? Why Did The Titanic Hit The Iceberg Sideways Instead Of Head-on? What If The Titanic Hit The Iceberg Head-on? Violet was pulled so close to the ship that she hit her head on the keel and had to be . The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Again, in different circumstances where the conditions for the illusion were not present the ship would have been able to see the upcoming obstacle and act accordingly. The slag made the rivets less ductile and more brittle than they should have been when exposed to very cold temperatureslike those typically found in the icy seawater of the North Atlantic. The largest ocean liner in service at the time, Titanic had an estimated 2,224 people on board when she struck an iceberg at around 23:40. For a few years I thought that the Titanic would have survived if she had hit the Iceberg head-on. She sank . Several hypotheses were put forward as to what could have been done to minimize the losses caused by the collision, one of which stated that if the Titanic had collided head-on with the iceberg, the damage to life and property would have been much less serious. Your email address will not be published. She met her fate after hitting an iceberg on a night in April. How do you clean a silver chain that turned black? By turning in a futile attempt to avoid collision, Titanic took the full pressure of the iceberg against its hull, likely resulting in the fatal rivet popping and separation of the hull plates. If Iron Loses Its Magnetism At High Temperatures, How Is Earths Core Magnetic? This condition according to National Geographics Richard A. Lovett was also the closest lunar approach between the moon and Earth since A.D. 796, with this rarity being attributed to causing the ship to cross paths with a fatal iceberg which could have been avoided if the ship had sailed towards its destination at another time. } 110 years ago today, The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank into the Atlantic ocean. all the firemen?, I am afraid she would have crumpled up in stopping herself. Associates Program, affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means Clive Bull is Leading Britain's Conversation. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. That helps support ScienceABC with some money to maintain the site. After the Titanic had sunk, safety regulations were increased to make . Add your answer in the comments box below. What was Scrub Daddy originally made for? What Happens When Someone Falls Overboard From A Ship? 1 the number of children from First Class who perished. Name: Gary, Meapham Qualification: Genius of Titanic proportions Answer: There is no definitive answer, but it would probably have sunk anyway. The collision bulkheads on the bow of the Titanic were designed to survive a collision with another ship, but not an iceberg! He totally gets why JRR Tolkien would create, from scratch, a language spoken by elves, and tries to bring the same passion in everything he does. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. If the Titanic had rammed head-on into the iceberg, it would have come to a halt almost immediately; just think of what it feels like when you see a car swerving in front of you, and you suddenly step on the brakes.